Common Interview Questions for Teaching Jobs

Regular Interview Questions for Teaching Jobs Before strolling into any prospective employee meeting, you should set aside some effort to set up a couple of answers to basic inquiries questions. You may even need to work out your answers and work on saying them so anyone might hear with the goal that they fall into place easily for you once youre plunking down for your meeting. On the off chance that youre meeting for a showing position, youll need to contemplate what sorts of instruction related inquiries may come up. At a Title I school, for instance, you might be asked, What do you think about Title I? On the off chance that you work on addressing these inquiries now, you wont lurch through them later. Fundamental Questions Hope to be posed a couple of essential inquiries about yourself regardless of what position youre meeting for. While a portion of these inquiries may appear to be straightforward, you despite everything need to be set up with mindful answers. Some normal essential inquiries include: Educate me concerning yourself.Why would you say you are keen on this position?What are your most prominent strengths?What are your weaknesses?Where do you see yourself in five years? Experience Except if you are going after a section level job, you will likelyâ be got some information about your experience and instructing experience. The questioner will need to realize how well you work with others and what sorts of conditions you are generally agreeable in. You might be posed a few inquiries thusly: What experience do you have utilizing PCs in the classroom?Are you a cooperative person? Assuming this is the case, if it's not too much trouble give me a case of a period you functioned admirably with others.What grade level would you be most agreeable teaching?What sort of perusing program did you use inâ student teaching?Describe yourâ student teachingâ successes and disappointments. Study hall Management A business considering you for an encouraging position will need to know how you handle yourself in the study hall and connect with understudies. Hope to be tested on study hall the board systems and other calculated issues. Questions mayâ include: On the off chance that I strolled into your study hall during understanding time, what might I see?What techniques do you use for homeroom the board? Depict aâ difficult occurrence with an understudy and how you took care of it.How would you handle troublesome parents?Give me a case of a standard or method in your classroom.If you could structure the perfect homeroom for basic understudies, what might it resemble? Exercise Planning When your questioner is certain that you can monitor a study hall, theyll need to know how you plan exercises and assess understudy learning. You might be posed any number of the accompanying inquiries: Depict a decent exercise andâ explain why it was good.How would you go aboutâ planning a lesson?How would you individualize an educational plan for understudies at different levels?How would you recognize the exceptional needs of specific students?What strategies have you utilized or would you use to evaluate understudy learning? Theory of Learning At last, your questioner might need to know how you consider training all the more extensively, what you consider to be the characteristics of a decent educator, what you think about various learning models,â etc. These sorts of inquiries may include: Mention to me what you think about the Four Blocks Literacy Model.What is your personalâ educational philosophy?What are the most significant capabilities for being a decent teacher?What was the last instructive book you perused?

Business and Management Free-Sample for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Clarify Major Domestic and International Contextual Factors and how they Affect Business Structures and Strategy. Answer: Business and the board are interrelated with one another. Utilization of viable administration procedures helps the work force of organizations and associations to complete the business exercises proficiently. For the accomplishment of effectiveness in business exercises, crude materials are a vital factor (Gollenia, 2016). Inside this, adherence to the coordinated structure encourages the faculty to make and create powerful plans. Association of the representatives, partners and investors inside this procedure encourages the faculty to guarantee the adequacy and possibility of the proposed designs as far as the distinguished and the predetermined prerequisites. Upkeep of consistency in the execution of assessment brings to the bleeding edge the potential disadvantages in the items and administrations. Presentation of suddenness in amendment of the downsides mirrors the corporate disposition of the work force (Weske, 2012). Thus, lays the genuine substance of the part of the board. E very one of these viewpoints appear to be valid for Westfarmers. Hypothetical structure gives a more clear comprehension about the fundamental ideas identified with the administration of business exercises. One of these hypotheses is the possibility hypothesis, which constrains the chiefs to start to think critically as far as taking choices for the advancement of the organizations and associations (Fadun, 2013). Keeping up pace with the present patterns is a significant suggestion of this hypothesis. This arrangement helps the staff of Westfarmers to keep up their situation inside the Australian market. Association of the representatives, partners, investors and organization accomplices in the dynamic procedure demonstrates valuable for Westfarmers in guaranteeing the adequacy of the proposed designs as far as the distinguished and indicated necessities (Wong et al., 2014). Alongside the possibility hypothesis, frameworks hypothesis demonstrates helpful for Westfarmers regarding accomplishing fruitful culmination of the business exercises. Review it from different points of view, frameworks hypothesis helps the work force of Westfarmers to guarantee the nearness of imperfections inside the gadgets. This mirrors the awareness of the work force towards offering profitable vitality to the purchasers. Employing specialists for identifying the nearness of infection assaults or hacking intercessions means that successful usage of frameworks hypothesis by the Westfarmers work force. Diving profound into the usefulness of Westfarmers, for the creation of effective and beneficial vitality, innovatively propelled machines are required (Zhang Wang, 2012). Carelessness toward this path denies the Westfarmers staff from getting continuous current stream for assembling effective vitality assets. This carelessness is additionally an impediment as far as guaranteeing t he smooth working of the interior pieces of the gadgets. In actuality, statistical surveying regarding getting the propelled machines. Be that as it may, guaranteeing monetary adaptability is vital for embracing mahines, whih lines up with the cutting edge tehnology (Jeston Nelis, 2014). Assessment of the seleted gadget encourages the work force to guarantee the adequacy and pertinence of the chose gadget regarding the recognized and determined prerequisites. Support of consistency in the execution of assessment acquires recognizable enhancements the exhibition of Westfarmers. Introduction of consistency towards the assessment overhauls the status of the Westfarmers as far as getting a charge out of upper hand over the contemporary brands. One of the observable realities inside this is the adherence and consistence to the serious strategies, which encourages the Westfarmers staff to enjoy into reasonable exchanges, exchanges and manages the contemporary brands (Fleischmann et al., 2014). The reasonableness in the previous sentence lines up with the factor of value, which is one of the main considerations for accomplishing consumer loyalty. So as to deal with the business exercises, Westfarmers staff keep a coordinated structure. As an issue of determination, inside the administration come parts, for example, deals, tasks, account and human asset the board. Account is an operator, which aters to the viable administration of deals activities and human asset the executives. Adaptability in the money related viewpoint encourages the Westfarmer staff to present planned plans, offers and limits for the purchasers. At the same time with the achievement, disappointments likewise discover its direction. Countering this, rising fruitful in defeating the disappointments, qualifies Westfarmers as pioneer inside the brands battling for a firm spot in the serious market of Australia (Becker, Kugeler Rosemann, 2013). The powerful coordination between the useful units of the divisions is the cornerstone towards dealing with the emergency time frame. The significant drive behind this is the consistence to the hazard appraisal process, which is help towards decreasing the power of the potential hazard factors. ID of the dangers and their causes takes care of half of the issue. Utilization of realized arrangements further backs out the procedure of hazard evaluation. If there should arise an occurrence of disappointments, use of substitute arrangements mirrors the cognizant demeanor of the Westfarmer work force regarding guaranteeing the prosperity of the clients (Weiss, 2014). Alongside this, rating the dangers extends the certainty of the work force towards diminishing the power of the hazard factors. Rising effective toward this path increases the value of the jobs and obligations of the directors. Inclusion of the representatives, partners, investors and office accomplices in this hazard evaluation process helps the authoritative staff as far as guaranteeing the adequacy of the executed answer for completing the business exercises (Rosemann Brocke, 2015). Thus, lays the conjoined importance of business and the executives. Adherence and consistence to the hazard appraisal process is an extra help with terms of diminishing the examples of disturbances, segregations, clashes among others. Aside from hazard evaluation, preparing structures a significant part for Westfarmers work force as far as dealing with the business exercises. Visit preparing programs improve the getting a handle on intensity of the workers on the fundamental administration abilities. Giving preparing to the representatives on the activity of the gadgets acquires productivity the business exercises of the association. Taking post-preparing tests empowers the directors to test the capacity of the representatives to make functional use of the scholarly abilities in the working environment tasks (Dumas et al., 2013). In addition, trainings additionally demonstrate fundamental in taking care of the crisis circumstances in a powerful way. Arrangement of sufficient inspiration and consolation by the supervisors creates a desire among the workers to uncover better execution. Support of consistency from the two sides in this setting brings about the presentation of expert execution of the Westfarmers work force. Cognizant mentality towards the decrease of carbon and smoke discharge improves the corporate social duties of the association (Chang, 2016). As an issue of detail, boycotting the usage of carbon impressions in the assembling of the vitality assets demonstrates worthwhile for the association, Westfarmers in alleviating the wellbeing dangers of the clients. This activity grows the reputational status of the association into an across the board one. Introduction of cognizance toward this path elevates the corporate disposition of the staff. This outcomes in the foundation of demonstrable skill in the work environment of the association (Hutt Speh, 2012). Arrangement of protected and agreeable work environment to the representatives brings about the overflow of imaginative yield, which takes the association, Westfarmers to accomplish high development rate and a sound overall revenue. Reception of internet based life helps the association, Westfarmers to extend the business. Putting the updates on the recently propelled gadgets makes the financial specialists mindful of the authoritative issues. The methods for online life bolsters the association to expand the dealing of the crowd towards the brand picture (Aalst, 2013). Demanding bona fide data to the clients, office accomplices upgrades the brand attention to the association. One of the recognizable highlights about Westfarmers is the viable administration of HR. Arrangement of preparing on the successful and wise usage of the hierarchical assets includes effectiveness in the business exercises. Survey it from other point of view, this productivity negates the issues of deficient load of crude materials. Connecting the idea of soial media here, promoting true data about the enlistment procedure arranges the administration of HR (Rglinger, Pppelbu Becker, 2012). In this, the executives and business can be put in an equivalent arrangement, which sets up significance with the necessities of the conversation. Rising fruitful in conquering the difficulties achieves an alternate undertone towards the executives. In this, the announcement, Failures are the venturing stones of achievement, turns out to be redundantly obvious. Devotion and responsibility towards updating the administrations adds shading to the means, which prompts the way of accomplishment. Despite what might be expected, carelessness toward this path exasperates the hardness of the stones, which withdraw the association from the distinguished and indicated business prerequisites (Hutt Speh, 2012). Thus, lays the transaction with the periods of achievement and disappointment of the association, which increases the value of the conversation. Then again, this interchange can be lined up with the hierarchical capacity to reestablish lost magnificence and respect inside the serious vibe of the market. Various parameters of the executives assists Westfarmers with widening the points of view of the chiefs. Hazard

A Guide to MLA Referencing Style

A Guide to MLA Referencing Style How to Use MLA Referencing Style Properly How to Use MLA Referencing Style Properly MLA referencing style is one of the most commonly used types of formatting, so you’re bound to encounter it at least once throughout your post-secondary schooling. However, it can be hard to master this style of referencing because there are so many tricky little elements you have to get right. Your professor will always be looking for those errors, so be sure to do it right to avoid losing simple marks. Here is a helpful guide to get you started on acing those little tricks. Perfect MLA Formatting Tips First and foremost, you will need to know how to properly structure your paper. MLA referencing style does not usually require a title page- instead, list the following information in the top left corner of your paper: ? Name ? Professor ? Class ? Date Then, leave a space and center your title. It does not need to be bolded, italicized, or underlined. Leave another space, and then you can start your introduction. Page numbers should be in the top right corner beside your last name. Mastering In-Text Citations When you’re quoting an author in your essay, put the last name and page number in brackets like this: (Smith 54). If you mention the author in the sentence, you only need to put the page number in brackets. Here is an example sentence: “Smith argues that children who eat more vegetables experience higher growth rates (54).” Additionally, titles of books and plays should be italicized. The names of poems, short stories, television shows, and songs should be in quotations. The Works Cited Page MLA referencing style requires a Works Cited page at the end of your paper. Center the title, then begin your entries on the next line. The Works Cited should be on its own separate page. Your Works Cited entries generally contain a list of core elements that make up a source’s publication information. Not every source will have all of these, but you should gather as many of them as you can. Here are the elements you need: ? Author ? Title of work ? Title of container (if the work is a section of a book, for example) ? Any other contributors or editors ? Version ? Number ? Publisher ? Publication date ? Publication Location Citing The 5 Most Common Types of Sources Here are some example citations for 5 of the most common types of sources you’re going to use at some point or another. Always make sure you indent the second and subsequent lines of your citation. 1. Book: Last Name, First Name. Book Title. Publisher Name, Year. Smith, Joe. Ten Things You Learn in College. Random House, 2002. 2. Chapter in a Book: Last Name, First Name. “Chapter Title.” Name of Book. Publisher, Year, pages. Brunner, Steven. “How I Survived Freshman Year.” The Ultimate Guide to University. Oxford University Press, 2007, pp. 25-56. 3. Academic Journal in Print: Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Journal Title, volume, issue, year, pages. Stevenson, Angela. “A Historiographical Study of German Inflation After World War II.” The Journal of Western History, vol. 25, no. 4, 1998, pp. 130-200. 4. Academic Journal in an Electronic Database: Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Journal Title, volume, issue, date, pages. Database Name, doi. Percetta, Shelley. “Tea Trading Along China’s Silk Road.” The Journal of Chinese History, vol. 37, no. 33, 2002, pp. 57-98. JSTOR, doi: 10.1003/tox.33550. 5. Website: Editor or Author if Possible. Site Name. Organization or Institution, creation date, URL. Access date. Halsall, Paul. Internet History Sourcebooks Project. Fordham University, 1996, index.asp. Accessed 22 Sept. 2009. Take Away Your MLA-Infused Stress and Have Someone Else do it For You Hiring a professional writer to complete your paper for you means that you won’t have to worry about proper formatting. All of our academic writers are highly experienced and masters in every type of referencing style you could possibly need, so trust a professional to get it done the right way. No more losing marks for an avoidable error! Get a free quote now and have a properly formatted paper custom written for you, no matter what topic you’re studying. References: Purdue Online Writing Lab. MLA formatting and style guide. Retrieved from . A Guide to MLA Referencing Style How to Use MLA Referencing Style Properly How to Use MLA Referencing Style Properly MLA referencing style is one of the most commonly used types of formatting, so you’re bound to encounter it at least once throughout your post-secondary schooling. However, it can be hard to master this style of referencing because there are so many tricky little elements you have to get right. Your professor will always be looking for those errors, so be sure to do it right to avoid losing simple marks. Here is a helpful guide to get you started on acing those little tricks. Perfect MLA Formatting Tips First and foremost, you will need to know how to properly structure your paper. MLA referencing style does not usually require a title page- instead, list the following information in the top left corner of your paper: ? Name ? Professor ? Class ? Date Then, leave a space and center your title. It does not need to be bolded, italicized, or underlined. Leave another space, and then you can start your introduction. Page numbers should be in the top right corner beside your last name. Mastering In-Text Citations When you’re quoting an author in your essay, put the last name and page number in brackets like this: (Smith 54). If you mention the author in the sentence, you only need to put the page number in brackets. Here is an example sentence: “Smith argues that children who eat more vegetables experience higher growth rates (54).” Additionally, titles of books and plays should be italicized. The names of poems, short stories, television shows, and songs should be in quotations. The Works Cited Page MLA referencing style requires a Works Cited page at the end of your paper. Center the title, then begin your entries on the next line. The Works Cited should be on its own separate page. Your Works Cited entries generally contain a list of core elements that make up a source’s publication information. Not every source will have all of these, but you should gather as many of them as you can. Here are the elements you need: ? Author ? Title of work ? Title of container (if the work is a section of a book, for example) ? Any other contributors or editors ? Version ? Number ? Publisher ? Publication date ? Publication Location Citing The 5 Most Common Types of Sources Here are some example citations for 5 of the most common types of sources you’re going to use at some point or another. Always make sure you indent the second and subsequent lines of your citation. 1. Book: Last Name, First Name. Book Title. Publisher Name, Year. Smith, Joe. Ten Things You Learn in College. Random House, 2002. 2. Chapter in a Book: Last Name, First Name. “Chapter Title.” Name of Book. Publisher, Year, pages. Brunner, Steven. “How I Survived Freshman Year.” The Ultimate Guide to University. Oxford University Press, 2007, pp. 25-56. 3. Academic Journal in Print: Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Journal Title, volume, issue, year, pages. Stevenson, Angela. “A Historiographical Study of German Inflation After World War II.” The Journal of Western History, vol. 25, no. 4, 1998, pp. 130-200. 4. Academic Journal in an Electronic Database: Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Journal Title, volume, issue, date, pages. Database Name, doi. Percetta, Shelley. “Tea Trading Along China’s Silk Road.” The Journal of Chinese History, vol. 37, no. 33, 2002, pp. 57-98. JSTOR, doi: 10.1003/tox.33550. 5. Website: Editor or Author if Possible. Site Name. Organization or Institution, creation date, URL. Access date. Halsall, Paul. Internet History Sourcebooks Project. Fordham University, 1996, index.asp. Accessed 22 Sept. 2009. Take Away Your MLA-Infused Stress and Have Someone Else do it For You Hiring a professional writer to complete your paper for you means that you won’t have to worry about proper formatting. All of our academic writers are highly experienced and masters in every type of referencing style you could possibly need, so trust a professional to get it done the right way. No more losing marks for an avoidable error! Get a free quote now and have a properly formatted paper custom written for you, no matter what topic you’re studying. References: Purdue Online Writing Lab. MLA formatting and style guide. Retrieved from .

Architecture As Landscape Of Memory - 3629 Words

Architecture as landscape of memory. An exploratory journey into the role of memory in architecture. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Memory voices once recognised command us to create, and to memorialize what we remember. Both architect and writers endow their glittering memories with form and prepare places for them to rest. A.S. BYATT _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Martina Terracciano Mentor: Kaye Newman BA (Hons) Interior Design Student ID: 11043218 Module: CP6010 The Cass Dissertation May-2015 Content Illustrations Abstract 01. Introduction 02. Philosophical Concepts †¢ The Memory system and the relation to place †¢ The architect as a writer †¢ Further estimation: Marc Treib, Juhani Pallasma, Mario Botta 03. Case studies †¢ Memories and Modernism †¢ Carlo Scarpa a collage of architectural events, images and fragment of memory †¢ The Washington Holocaust Memorial Museum as a framework of emotion 04. Conclusion Bibliography Appendices Glossary 01. Introduction Architecture moves us. It can comfort us or intimidate us; it can enlighten us or mystify us; it can bring joy or tear at our hearts. Architecture moves us by touching three layers of memory. Through primal space it can touch our deepest emotional core; evoking shadow memories of the womb, the cave, the forest, and light. It can recall memories of culture, or ourShow MoreRelatedMy Photographic Methodology And Research Practice On The Gulf Region1598 Words   |  7 Pagesappropriation allows individuals to claim a space as their own. As a result ‘temporality’ becomes an important structural component in forming and exploring ocular identity in Gulf cities. Amidst radical interventions at the macro-level new urban landscapes create views of the city imposed by specific architectural identities and synchronized municipal and rigid political structures. Therefore, these spaces organise and manage the spatial flow of inhabitants in cities. Nevertheless, on the groundRead MoreBuilding A Small Town With Its Own Life1307 Words   |  6 PagesWangshu said: ‘I want to build a small town with its own life, which could once again, wake up the latent memory of the city.’ Under the trend of globalization Chinese architects are always struggling in how to engage in the trend of globalization and keep its unique culture and tradition. There are a large of numbers of cities in China undergoing a delirious wave of development. Traditional dwellings are demolished everyday replaced by high-rise commercial high-rise buildings which has no characteristicRead MoreBiography of Carol Johnson1156 Words   |  5 Pages is one of the leading ladies in the field of landscape architecture. She was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey and spent most of her childhood outside hiking and camping. The love for the outdoors was inspired by her parents; a lawyer and a school principal. According to Lewis (2014), the parents were avid and skilled gardeners who frequently talked to her about plants and nature. The family also vacationed on the Massachusetts island; she has memories of walking along the Gaylord Cliffs, where NativeRead MoreUnderstanding Canadian History Essay641 Wo rds   |  3 Pages Demographic concentration, architecture, economics, and cultural aspects are well documented in the above disciplines of history. Art itself is about people and their expressions of hope and meaning. Their impressions and thoughts are transported to their respective canvases. For the most part, these forms of history are less biassed and they tell the story as it actually was. A tour of the National Gallery showed that art comes in many forms: landscape paintings, portraiture, carvingsRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Landscape : A Project That Will Deal With Time1715 Words   |  7 Pageshad tried to control since the dawn of time. However, it has always been a struggle to achieve such thing, since both are natural forces that we cannot control, nor can we create out of thin air. It is time that has been guiding many of the landscape architecture projects and is what we have been taught in school to make a project that will deal with time. A project that will remain the same or changed according to what we want with time. In addition, Form has been a natural force that has giving usRead MoreAnalysis Of The Project Disappearing Into Night 1361 Words   |  6 Pagesneighbourhood is situated in the heart of the Msheireb project, a large-scale, inner-city regeneration project inspired by contemporary design processes, yet retaining Qatari cultural character and heritage articulated through city planning and architecture (Law, R. and Underwood K, 2012). The old district of Al-Asmakh, is populated predominately by male economic workers, attracting flows of migrants from African and Asian countries including: Ghana, Somalia, Ethiopia, Benin, Mali, Sudan, NigeriaRead MoreLuis Barrag An Esteemed Figure Within The Progress Of Mexico s Architecture2018 Words   |  9 Pagesprogress of Mexico’s architecture, Luis Ramiro Barragà ¡n Morfà ­n (March 9, 1902 – November 22, 1988), widely known as Luis Barragà ¡n, was a Mexican engineer and architect. With a career spanning over 30 built projects, predominantly based in Mexico, Barragà ¡n’s works influenced contemporary architects, designers, or artists, in terms of his distinctive design principles. His influential work upon Mexico’s modern architecture enabled him as an awardee of the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1980 – an awardRead MoreThe Chapel of Vence: Art and Enlightenment1008 Words   |  5 PagesFrance, is a small, minimalist building. The amalgamation of modern art and the sacred creates a unique spiritual experience in that it welcomes Christians and non-Christian s alike to appreciate the artist’s religious symbolism. The elegantly simple architecture of the chapel, the use of light in the space, and the binary of colors on opposite walls have a calming, cleansing, and transformative effect that is undeniable. Matisse’s design takes a new turn into the modern technique, with clean lines andRead MoreThe And Quality Of Life Structure Essay922 Words   |  4 Pages(WHOQOL, 1997). Domain Indicators incorporated within domains Physical health Energy and fatigue Pain and discomfort Sleep and rest Psychological Bodily image and appearance Negative feelings and Positive feelings Self-esteem Thinking, learning, memory and concentration Level of Independence Mobility Activities of daily living City center Dependence on medicinal substances and medical aids Work Capacity Social relationships Personal relationships Social support Sexual activity Environment FreedomRead MoreThe And Quality Of Life Structure Essay912 Words   |  4 Pages(WHOQOL, 1997). Domain Indicators incorporated within domains Physical health Energy and fatigue Pain and discomfort Sleep and rest Psychological Bodily image and appearance Negative feelings and Positive feelings Self-esteem Thinking, learning, memory and concentration Level of Independence Mobility Activities of daily living City center Dependence on medicinal substances and medical aids Work Capacity Social relationships Personal relationships Social support Sexual activity Environment Freedom

The Financial Crisis And The Liquidity Risk Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 993 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Put simply, liquidity risk is the risk stemming from the lack of marketability of an investment that cannot be bought or sold quickly enough to prevent or minimize a loss (investopedia). It is useful to determine between two types of liquidity risk: funding liquidity risk and market liquidity risk. The former describes the ease of obtaining funds from other financial institutions or investors. Brunnermeier (2009) differentiates between three different types of funding liquidity risk: 1) rollover risk, the possibility that it will be expensive or impossible to rollover short term borrowing 2) redemption risk, the risk that depositors withdraw funds and 3) margin/haircut funding risk. The latter regards a situation where an asset is purchased and the buyer uses the purchased asset as collateral and borrows short term against it. As the buyer cannot borrow the assets entire price, they must finance the difference (the margin/haircut) using their own equity capital. T raders tend not to carry much excess capital thus, as margins/haircuts increase; they must sell part/all of the asset. It is the same scenario if depositors begin withdrawing their funds. In order to rollover debt, financial institutions began to rely heavily on short term (commercial) paper (repo contracts). This creates substantial liquidity risk as it is dependent on the market remaining awash with liquidity (Brunnermeier, 2009). In each of the above scenarios, the liquidity risk arises when the asset can only be sold at fire-sale prices. This occurs when market liquidity is low. The market liquidity risk represents the ease of finding a buyer. If liquidity is low then buyers will be more risk averse, as such, unwilling to pay above the odds for an asset. This depresses asset prices, further increasing liquidity risk. Typically, the risk of assets is measured by their return relative to the risk free return (generally the US Treasury Bill rate). In times of crisis this interes t rate spread widens due to the desire to hold first rate collateral. In other words, the demand for US Treasury bills increase, depressing the rate, whereas demand for risky assets fall, increasing the rate (Brunnermeier, 2009). In July 2007, Chuck Prince (Citigroups then CEO), summarised the significance of liquidity risk in the financial crisis by drawing on Keynes analogy between bubbles and musical chairs: When the music stops, in terms of liquidity, things will be complicated. But as long as the music is playing, youve got to get up and dance. Were still dancing. (Nakamoto Wighton, 2007). There was a perceived reduction in liquidity risk of banks in the years preceding the crisis as they moved to a model of originate and distribute, in addition to financing their assets with short term maturity instruments (Brunnermeier, 2009). The former was supposedly a method to offload risk as it involved banks originating loans, e.g. residential mortgages, pooling these together into diversified portfolios, slicing these portfolios into tranches (each tranche represented a different level of risk), and then distributing these loans (in their new securitised form) to various non bank financial institutions (Goodhart). Liquidity risk arises in this situation for various reasons. First of all, as banks intended offloading the loans, they only carried pipeline risk thus had little incentive to take due care in approving, processing and monitoring loan applications (Brunnermeier). Secondly, these Collateralised Debt Obligations (CDO) were considered to be off- balance sheet thus were not included when determining a banks required capital (set at 8% under Basel I) (Goodhart). However, in reality the banks risk, through exposure to these SIVs, was little changed. Often many of these securitised assets were held by conduits which, in turn, were owned by the bank (Goodhart). In addition, buyers of these tranches could also purchase credit default swaps (CDS) which, in exchange for a fee, would insure the buyer against any default (Brunnermier). The structure of banks financing further added to the mounting liquidity risk as the investment projects or mortgages (which were typically long term investments) were increasingly financed with short term deposits. To maintain financing for their conduits and SIVs banks issued asset backed commercial paper (ABCP), with typical maturities of 1 to 3 months (Goodhart), creating significant funding liquidity risk if investors stopped buying ABCP. However, in the event that funding for ABCP dried up, the commercial bank granted a liquidity backstop, exposing the sponsoring bank to significant risk that was not accounted for in the balance sheet (Brunnermier). The increase in liquidity risk through maturity mismatch was also as a result of repo contracts, which was often overnight financing. Under repo contracts a firm would raise funds by selling a collateral asset today with an agreement to repurchase the asset in future (Brunnermeir). Due to the reliance of banks on short term financing, any reduction in funding liquidity would cause significant stress on the financial system. In summer 2007 we witnessed a dry up in liquidity for ABCP as investors struggled to value structured products and confidence in rating agencys eroded (Brunnermier). The constant reiteration that the financial crisis was due to defaults on US subprime mortgages is evident from figure 1 as, following an increase in defaults noted from February 2007, the market for mortgage backed securities collapsed where as other markets remained relatively stable (Brunnermeier). As is evident, liquidity risk played a significant role in the financial crisis and, due to the open economy the United States possesses and its position as a major financial player, many other countries and non US banks were exposed to the US subprime mortgage market. The UK was particularly exposed as RBS and Barclays were the two biggest underwriters of mortgage backed securities in 2007. Both banks were also big lenders of leveraged finance (Timeonline). In addition, HSBC and RBS (through Citizens Bank) have significant presence in the United States. Other UK banks had less exposure to the US mortgage market, however, were heavily reliant on wholesale funding thus were susceptible to liquidity shocks e.g. HBOS (TimesOnline). https://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/banking_and_finance/article3572658.ece Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Financial Crisis And The Liquidity Risk Finance Essay" essay for you Create order

Illustration Free Essays

The 29th Annual French Quarter Festival of New Orleans New Orleans is a city where festivals are a way of life. There are festivals showcasing almost every cultural aspect of the city. However, The French Quarter Festival stands out as the largest free local music festival in the state of Louisiana. We will write a custom essay sample on Illustration or any similar topic only for you Order Now The 29th annual French Quarter Festival showcased a wide variety music, food, and special events that provided insight to what makes New Orleans so unique and full of life compared to other to cities in the county. The biggest aspect of the French Quarter Festival was the music that was showcased, the most prominent genres being Jazz, Cajun-Zydeco, and Blues. A variety of Jazz music was heard during the festival. Traditional Jazz sounds from bands such as the New Orleans Cottonmouth Kings and the Smoking Jazz Club could be heard on Friday. Saturday included a modern Jazz style with acts such as Big Daddy ‘O’ and Kermit Ruffins. The brass sounds of Jazz, such as the Treme Brass Band and the Stooges Brass Band were heard on the last day of the festival. There were also several Blues music acts present. The first day brought performers such as ‘Wolfman’ Washington and ‘Big Al’ Carson. The next day, Eharmonic Souls and John Lisi and the Delta Funk were among the artists. The Blues music that closed out the festival was from acts such as Vagabond Swing and Amanda Wallace. Lastly, Cajun-Zydeco music could also be heard at the festival. Some of the Cajun-Zydeco bands that opened for the festival were Dikki Du and the Zydeco Krewe and also Brandon Moreau and Cajungrass. The following day, Tank and the Zydeco Codebreakers and the Lost Bayou Ramblers were among the acts. Also, The Big Easy Playboys and Sunpie and the Louisiana Sunspots were among the Cajun-Zydeco acts on the final day of the festival. The traditional, modern, and brass Jazz musicians listed were just a few of the acts, but they provide examples of the talent at the 29th Annual French Quarter Festival. The French Quarter Festival had local vendors featuring the cuisines of the French Quarter, some of which were Cajun, Creole, and Po’boys. Cajun food was a cuisine that was prominent at the festival. Crawfish was a popular ingredient that was featured in several Cajun dishes at the festival such as in Crawfish Etouffee or Crawfish Cakes. Andouille sausage, found in gumbo and jambalaya was another aspect of the festival cuisine. Alligator, as kebabs or sausages, was also among the many Cajun dishes. Creole food also had a presence in the festival’s cuisine. Rice dishes, such as Dirty Rice and also Red Beans and Rice, were among the Creole cuisine featured at the festival. There were also many Creole seafood dishes, such as Shrimp Jambalaya and Grits or Shrimp Remolaude available. Creole desserts such as King Cake or beignets were also among the dishes offered at the festival. Additionally, several varieties of Po’boy were staples of the cuisine at the festival. Seafood Po’boys, such as the Shrimp Caminada Po’boy and the BBQ Oyster Po’boy, were among the Po’boys offered. Also available were Creole style Po’boys, such as the Cochon de lait Po’boy or Creole Hot Sausage Po’boy. Finally, Po’boys such as the Alligator Sausage Po’boy or the Blackened Catfish Po’boy were some Cajun- style Po’boys at the festival. Whether you were looking for Cajun, Creole, or Po’boys, the 29th Annual French Quarter Festival had the dishes discussed above along with many more available to choose from. Finally, the French Quarter Festival also held events such as educational lectures, kids events, and dance lessons. The French Quarter Festival strived to educate people on the impact that the local musical community provides. Super Sousaphone was a lecture by local sousaphone virtuoso Matt Perrine about the impact his career in many influential New Orleans bands created. Another lecture was Groove Interrupted, which focused on behind-the-scenes makings of the modern-day Jazz album. Funkify Your Life discussed The Meters, a New Orleans funk band, impact on New Orleans music. There were also several children’s events at the festival. The Kid’s Music Stage introduced children to festival’s musical genres in a child-friendly way. The Satchmo collage project was another event where children decorated pieces of a collage of Louis Armstrong. Children were also able to create Victorian-style jewelry at the many crafts station at the festival. Also, several dance lessons were offered at the festival. NOLA Zydeco group hosted a class that taught the traditional Zydeco moves. BrassXcise, with Dancing Man 504, taught dance and exercise moves that are used in Second-Line parades. Also, the NOLA Jitterbugs taught traditional jazz dances such as the Jitterbug and the Charleston. The lectures, children’s events and dance classes at the French Quarter Festival helped to add the educational and cultural aspect of the festival. The 29th annual French Quarter Festival provides a special aspect to festivals of New Orleans. It sought to showcase strictly the local aspects of the culture of New Orleans. Also unlike other festivals, it was also made free to the public. Those aspects and also the music, food, and events of the festival combined to create an experience unlike other festivals in New Orleans, one that is focused on the people of the city rather than just the city itself. How to cite Illustration, Papers

Lobsters Essay Research Paper Long ago lobsters free essay sample

Lobsters Essay, Research Paper Long ago, lobsters were so plentiful that Native Americans used them to fertilise their Fieldss and to tease their maulerss for fishing. In colonial times, lobsters were considered # 8220 ; poorness food. # 8221 ; They were harvested from tidal pools and served to kids, to captives, and to indentured retainers, who exchanged their transition to America for seven old ages of service to their patrons. In Massachusetts, some of the retainers eventually rebelled. They had it put into their contracts that they would non be forced to eat lobster more than three times a hebdomad. Until the early 1800s, lobstering was done by garnering them by manus along the shoreline. Lobstering as a trap piscary came into being in Maine around 1850. Today Maine is the largest lobster-producing province in the state. Though the figure of lobstermen has increased dramatically, the sum of lobsters caught has remained comparatively steady. In 1892, 2600 people in the Maine lobster piscary caught 7,983 metric dozenss ; in 1989, 6300 Maine lobstermen landed 10,600 metric dozenss of lobster. We will write a custom essay sample on Lobsters Essay Research Paper Long ago lobsters or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Smackmen foremost appeared in Maine in the 1820s because of increased demand for lobsters from the New York and Boston markets. Smackmen were named after their boats, a good slap. Slaps were little seafaring vass with a armored combat vehicle inside the boat that had holes drilled into it to let saltwater to go around. The slaps were used to transport unrecorded lobsters over long distances. Lobsters are crustaceans hard-shelled animate beings with metameric organic structures and jointed legs. Peoples around the universe award lobsters for their tasty white meat. Great measures of these animate beings are harvested from the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean each twelvemonth. The American lobster is commercially of import for the delightful meat in its claws and tail. This species belongs to a group of lobsters known as clawed lobsters. Spiny lobsters get their name from the crisp spinal columns on their shells. Lobsters are besides of import as seafood. They lack claws and their big tail contains much meat. Slipper lobsters, named for their planate form, are found largely in warm Waterss. Deep-sea lobsters live buried in the ocean underside at great deepnesss. Most of them are unsighted. American lobsters are the largest species of lobster. They can mensurate every bit long as 42 inches and weigh about 45 lbs. However, most lobsters are caught before they reach full size. Captured lobsters by and large measure about 8 inches long and weigh merely approximately 1 lb or less. Like other crustaceans, American lobsters are invertebrates they don Ts have a anchor. A strong shell called an exoskeleton protects the lobster # 8217 ; s soft organic structure parts. The shell is normally brown-green with musca volitanss. Lobster shells turn bright red-orange when boiled. The American lobster # 8217 ; s organic structure has 21 sections. The caput has 6 sections ; the thorax # 8211 ; the centre portion # 8211 ; has 8 ; and the venters # 8211 ; the tail portion # 8211 ; has 7. Where the sections meet, the exoskeleton is thinner, so the lobster can flex its organic structure and move. A lobster breathes through gills beneath the shell on both sides of its thorax. A lobster has two braces of aerial on its caput. The animate being # 8217 ; s eyes are on the terminals of a brace of slender, jointed variety meats called chaffs. Lobsters have compound eyes that consist of 100s of lenses joined together. The lobster keeps its aerial and eyestalks traveling invariably to seek for nutrient and to watch for enemies. Its aerial, legs, and shell are covered with 1000000s of bantam hairlike detectors that can observe chemicals. The detectors help the carnal locate nutrient. Lobsters have five braces of jointed legs attached to the thorax. Four braces are thin, and the lobster uses them for walking. The 5th brace, which extends in forepart of the caput, are thick and terminal in big claws. The larger of these two claws has thick dentitions to oppress quarry. The smaller claw has crisp dentitions to rupture nutrient apart. All lobsters do non hold the heavy claw on the same side. Some are right-handed and left-handed. Leg like constructions called pleopods are located under the venters and assist the lobsters swim. Female lobsters besides use pleopods to keep eggs. American lobsters live on sandy, muddy, or bouldery bottom countries. They normally hide in holes or under stones at deepnesss of 10 to 180 pess. A lobster sits in a tunnel all twenty-four hours, beckoning its antennas outside the entryway. It holds its claws ready and pounces on any quarry that comes near. A lobster chow boodles, crab, snails, little fish, and, on occasion, other lobsters. They besides feed on algae and on workss called grass wrack. At dark, it walks along the ocean underside looking for nutrient. If a lobster detects an enemy like a big fish or an octopus comes nigh, the lobster dart back into its tunnel with powerful somersaults of its tail. A female lobster normally lays eggs merely one time every two old ages. She may bring forth 3,000 to 100,000 eggs at a clip. it depends on her size and age. The eggs are covered with a gluey substance and are attached to the pleopods. The female carries the eggs for 10 to 11 months. When the eggs are ready to hatch, the lobster shakes the immature out of the eggshells. Newborn lobsters are about 1/3 inch long. They rise up in the H2O and impetus and swim about for two to three hebdomads. They are easy quarry for sea birds, fish, and other enemies. Then the lobsters sink to the ocean underside where they spend the remainder of their lives. Lobsters can populate about 15 old ages or longer. But most neer reach this age because they are captured by a assortment of marauders, including human existences. Lobsters molt as they grow. The carnal loses its first shell within one hebdomad after hatching and moults three more times during the first month. When sheding the lobster # 8217 ; s organic structure gives off a substance that softens the shell. Then, by spread outing its musculuss, the lobster splits the shell and stairss out of it. The new shell, which had formed under the old one, is soft and gives the lobster no protection. The carnal fells from its enemies until the new shell hardens. Lobster fishing is an of import industry in many countries. Each twelvemonth, 1000000s of American lobsters are caught off the seashore of Maine and further north in Canadian Waterss. Spiny lobsters, which live in warm tropical seas, are caught off the seashores of California and Florida and in assorted parts of the Southern Hemisphere. At one clip, people caught so many American lobsters that the animate beings were in danger of deceasing out. Today, angling Torahs protect lobster populations. Lobsters are caught in traps called pots. A lobster can come in the pot but can non happen the gap to acquire out. The trap is baited with fish and lowered to the ocean floor. A float tied to a cord fastened to the trap shows the pot # 8217 ; s location. The trap is normally raised and emptied every twenty-four hours or so. If two or more lobsters get in, they may contend and wound or kill one another. When a lobster is taken from a pot, each claw is wrapped utilizing gum elastic sets. The gum elastic bands maintain the claws from opening. All provinces and the federal authorities portion a minimal legal size, 3 1/4 inches carapace-length # 8211 ; from the oculus socket to the beginning of the tail. A lobster caught at this size weighs about 1 1/4 pound. The minimal size for legal lobsters was increased in 1988 after scientists persuaded the lobstermen that at the size lobsters were being harvested, 90 % of all lobsters were being captured before they # 8217 ; vitamin D had a opportunity to reproduce even one time. They argued that merely 10 per centum of the population could non go on to bring forth adequate babe lobsters to maintain the industry traveling for many more old ages.

Bridging the Gender Gap in Oil and Gas The WritePass Journal

Bridging the Gender Gap in Oil and Gas 1.0 Introduction Bridging the Gender Gap in Oil and Gas ), the reality is a labyrinth of professional obstacles described as the ‘glass ceiling’ metaphor where female progression in the industry is limited due to concerns of increased need for consideration of factors of the work-life balance that are less present in their male counterparts (European Commission, 2009). As a result, women are often worked out of these executive and management positions, because companies offer incomprehensive policies that do not consider individual career and family outcomes (European Commission, 2009). 3.3.1 Current Changes in Policy Direction to Increase Diversity and Retention of Female Staff – A corporate perspective 3.3.2 International Instruments Mandating Diversity in Oil and Gas MNEs 4.0 Discussion 4.1 Analysis of the Gender Gap by Region 4.2 Analysis of the Gender Gap by Employment Level 4.2.1 Executive 4.2.2 Managerial 4.2.3 Non-managerial 4.2.4 Labour 4.2.5 Discussion 4.3 Current Examples of Corporate Policy for Non-Discriminatory Work Practices 4.3.1 Strengths 4.3.2 Weakness 4.4 Current Examples of Employment Schemes aimed at Female Inclusion in the Workplace 4.4.1 Strengths 4.4.2 Weaknesses 5.0 Conclusion The gender gap in the oil and gas sector is very current and topical debate as gender equality in the workplace is becoming a diversity goal around the world. Careful understanding of the causes and effects thereof are imperative for the management of these companies and the greater macro-economic goals of development and growth. This research therefore aims to contribute to the current understanding of these goals in order to further the studies and make concrete recommendations in order to close this gap and further growth and development in the sector. 5.1 Recommendations 5.2 Conclusion References Al Munajjed, M. (2008) Women’s Employment in Saudi Arabia: A Major Challenge, Ideation Center Insight: Booz Co Al Tukmachy, S. (2012) ‘Interview with Saba Al Tukmachy, Career Development Manager at ENOC’ Leaders of the Future Summit: Bridging the gap in oil and gas, 1 – 12 April 2012, Abu Dhabi: UAE Eftimie, A., Heller, K. Strongman, J. (2009) Gender Dimensions of the Extractive Industries. The World Bank: Extractive Industries and Development Series European Commission (2009) Women in science and technology: Creating sustainable careers. EUR 23740 EN Musvoto, A. (2001) Gender and Mining: Community. Birnam Park: African Institute of Corporate Citizenship Smyth, R. (2004) â€Å"Exploring the usefulness of a conceptual framework as a research tool: A researchers reflection†, Issues in Educational Research, 14(2), 167-180. United Nations (2008) Equal sharing of responsibilities between women and men. United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women. Expert Group Meeting, Geneva, 6-9 October, 2008

Writing a Research Paper on Cloud Storage for Education

Writing a Research Paper on Cloud Storage for Education Writing a Research Paper on Cloud Storage for Education For the past several years, cloud computing has been one of the most frequently heard terms. Nowadays we all understand the basic concept of the matter: cloud storage provides the use with an opportunity to avail of secure, safe and almost unlimited means of storing digital material on the web, without the necessity to depend on personal data centers and personal hardware. But how can a cloud computing become a part of an academic research paper? As an option, make sure to base your project on the advantages of the cloud storage for education. Instant Access from Anywhere. Forget all the â€Å"my neighbor’s dog ate my paper† excuses! From now on you can access your photo projects, papers, presentation from your personal mobile device or PC. Go Mobile! It’s time to leave your laptop at home because it’s time for your mobile phone to shine! All you need is your Smartphone to get a quick access to all the data, as well as share your files on the go. Just make certain to pick the device you may need and then – access all photos, files, music and so on via the Cloud. Easy File Share. If you need to instantly share some files with your class mates or professors, make sure to make use of the Cloud. Moreover, the item provides you with an opportunity to edit and send the files back while both drafts will be saved to the shared folder. Stay in Sync. Due to the multi-user sync, you can easily sync the same folder with your classmates locally. Thus, all the adds, changes and edits made to that folder will be updated on every PC automatically. Forget about the emailing back and forth and enjoy the most updated version of every file 24/7! Backup. Do not think about PC crushes, accidently dropped laptops, etc. Having the Cloud there with you will be 100% sure that all data will be automatically backed up. Apart from a bunch of benefits for the college and university students, the Cloud brings a lot of benefits for the teachers as well. Make sure to investigate this side of the matter in your research paper. Avail of the iPad During the Lesson. It’s not a secret that college and university professors use various tablets and gadgets in order to make the lessons more interesting with various videos, presentations and music files. Instant streaming without the wait will help them to easily pull stream videos and presentations. Collaborate in the Classroom. The Cloud provides the teachers with an opportunity to share all files with every student in the group or with the whole class. Thus, students can collaborate together on team papers. Instant Access to the Data. Professors have an instant access to the academic information from their work PC, tablet, which means the whole process of data organization as easy as pie. Use for Personal/Work Use. Cloud gives you a chance to create special folders for both – personal and work use. This makes the organization and distribution of data and documents simpler. If you need a custom written paper from our research paper service just visit our website and fill in the order form!

SAMSUNG 3D T.V Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

SAMSUNG 3D T.V - Research Paper Example The edge-lit LED backlighting combines the benefits of local dimming with the thinness of edge-lighting. The 240 Hz processing exhibits motion resolution performance like its UNB8000 series. The interactive features like other Samsung models of 2010 include Internet @ TV (i.e. Yahoo widgets) and Samsung Apps, from Samsung’s new proprietary content portal, connecting to one’s favorite digital content like videos, sports, games, social networking and much more. With web-connected apps on the Samsung Smart TV, you can stream movies from Netflix or Blockbuster, TV shows from Hulu, videos from YouTube, Next Level sports information from ESPN, music from Pandora and view updates on Facebook or Twitter accounts. The UNC7000 series of 3D TV is the most economical. It is available in 40-inch ($1999), 46-inch ($$2599) and 55-inch ($3299) sizes. The 3D compatibility has been added to three LCD lines and one plasma line (CNET editors take). Samsung 3D TV was launched in April 2010 in Ireland. It has been a huge hit like Avatar, putting Samsung in leading position in the emerging market. The launch of Samsung 3D in the Irish market besides many other countries was the first in the retail 3D TV segment. â€Å"We are the first manufacturer to mass-produce 3D TV and you will physically see that in the Irish market in April so we will be first to market on this," said Kevin Maguire, country manager for Samsung Ireland. â€Å"Getting to market first is critical to us from a brand point of view and for brand positioning.† The Consumer Electronics Show (CES) at Las Vegas, a show-window of technology trends, found 3D everywhere (B & F). The technology used in the Samsung 3D TV is differentiating with the selection of â€Å"Active† and â€Å"passive† panels and lenses depending and deciding its total cost and picture quality. The active 3D screen syncs electronically with battery-powered and

ECO201-MicroEconomics Mod 5 CBT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ECO201-MicroEconomics Mod 5 CBT - Essay Example With higher profitability, the company is able to have the financial capacity to improve its technology through additional investment. Improvement in technology and bargaining power over its suppliers make it harder for small-scale players to compete with the existing large-scale companies. Not only will the company with highly improved technology be able to produce more product to meet the market demand but also offer a better quality product to the consumers. Therefore, it is more likely that the market structure with cartels is an oligopoly – also known as having a fewer big-time players in the market. Basically, a cartel prohibits a perfect competition to occur since big players within the same industry are able to openly discuss about the fixed price big multinational companies will impose on homogenous products. to compete more on improving the quality of homogenous products they offer to the consumers aside from its marketing and promotional activities. In the process, these companies are required to compete in the market through product differentiation and product diversification. (Salin, 1996: pp. 37 – 38) Basically, the profitability of a large multinational company that manufacture shampoo product may invest some money in research and development in order to enable the company to innovate new product that could stimulate the interest of its target consumers. A good example was when arometherapy gain popularity in the market. In line with aromatherapy, a well-known shampoo brand called Palmolive under Colgate-Palmolive started to produce shampoo with different scent of aromatherapy. (Colgate, 2008) Given that large-scale multinational companies that are into cartel situation still has to compete for the same market. For this reason businesses that are able to continuously develop new strategies and innovates new products that could arouse the interest of its target market are the

Effect of Occupational Noise Pollution on Workers

Effect of Occupational Noise Pollution on Workers Noise pollution CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Background Noise means unpleasant sound that gives a disturbing and annoying effect to the listener. Noise pollution is any unwanted, disturbing, or harmful sound that impairs or interferes with hearing, causes stress, hampers concentration and work efficiency, or causes accident. Noise can block, distort, change or interfere with the meaning of a message in both human and electronic communication (Wikipedia, 2009). Agricultures workers are one of the highest contributors in the rate of noise pollution among all occupation. Any person who is exposed to an excessive noise pollution in long period may suffer hearing loss. The amount of damaged caused by noise depends on the total amount received over time. The degree of risk is affected by the intensity (loudness) and the frequency (pitch) of the noise, as well as the duration and pattern of exposure and the individual susceptibility to hearing impairment (CCOH, 2009). The increased spread of hearing loss from high frequencies through low frequencies with age and noise exposure is common for this population. Hearing loss of farmers is very characteristic of a sensor neural, bilateral sloping configuration resulting from both noise and aging. When age group data were compared to the hearing sensitivity values of the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), all farmer populations, age 20-60, showed more dramatically hearing loss than the comparison group. This also was true when the data were compared to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1990 data. Physical ear discomfort to noise exposure starts from sound pressure level of 80-100 decibels (dB). A continuous noise level of 85 dB can result in hearing damage as well as create other various negative effects on health (League for the Hard of hearing, 2002). Noise induced hearing loss occurs gradually and without pain. Noise is often recorded as decibels dB (A) t o approximate how the human ears respond to noise. In Malaysia, noise exposure in work place is legislated under the Factories and Machinery Act (Noise Exposure) Regulation 1989, and Occupational and Safety Health Act (OSHA) 1994. This regulation makes it mandatory for noise level and workers exposure to noise is measured, assessed, and controlled. Malaysian permissible exposure level (PEL) refers to the limit of exposure that must not be exceeded by any employee over a specified time limit. These limits denote concentration levels above which exposure to chemicals hazardous to health must be controlled. To protect against chronic health effects of chemicals, the limits set are eight hours time-weighted average values. Excursions above the eight-hour time weighted average limit is allowed as long as it does not exceed three times this set limit. The farm tractor has a central role in field operations and often in stockyards and buildings too. It pulls lifts, powers and supports; it provides personal transport and shelter from the weather. It is often the main status symbol of the agricultural enterprise; this is why tractors are styled (like cars), why they are loved by enthusiasts (like steam railway engines), and why individual farmers often praise and are faithful to one particular make. Two aspects of tractor noise cause concern: the environmental noise heard by bystanders, either fellow road users or local residents, and the potentially harmful noise to which the operator is subjected. Environmental noise was the subject of a formal OECD test. In the 1960s the Institute harmonized details of the test procedure by comparing measurements in all European test stations. Noise screens for engines were successfully developed, but the dominant environmental noise arises from exhausts, where a balance must be found between silencer effectiveness and power loss. A separate study of the annoyance caused by farm noise of all kinds rated the tractor as much less annoying than axed plant such as grain driers. Objectives The study is focused on highlight that prolong to high level of occupational noise which can affect the hearing ability to agricultures worker who are using tractors and machines. To characterize noise exposure profile among agricultures workers at Seksyen Kejuruteraan Ladang, Taman Pertanian Universiti,Universiti Putra Malaysia. To evaluate safety practices among workers. Significant of study The purpose of this study is to determine and observe if the noise from heavy machine, agriculture machine, industry machine and agricultures tools that are related to noise can contribute to the incidence of hearing loss. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Noise Noise is a word often used to mean unpleasant sound that the listener does not want to hear, although there are no physical characteristics distinguishing noise from wanted sound (Plog et. al., 2002). Noise means unpleasant sound that give a disturbing and an annoying effect to the listener. Noise pollution is any unwanted, disturbing, or harmful sound that impairs or interferes with hearing, causes stress, hampers concentration and work efficiency, or causes accident). Noise can block, distort, change or interfere with the meaning of a message in both human and electronic communication (Wikipedia, 2009). Noise environments of the type and severity associated with combustion engines and other noises arising from mechanisms or animals may have the following principle effects on the person exposed. The noise may be annoying to varying degrees, from being just objectionable to being unbearable. The performance may be affected due to a lowering of concentration, fatigue caused by longer exposed, rhythm disturbance, interference with sound cues associated with the work or interference with worker-to-worker communication in a team. Damage to hearing noise may be caused by noise; the character and to a lesser extent, the mechanism of this damage is now being understood. Both temporary and permanent components of hearing threshold shift are possible (Matthews, 1968). Noise is unwanted electrical or electromagnetic energy that degrades the quality of signals and data. Noise occurs in digital and analog systems, and can affect files and communications of all types, including text, programs, images, audio, and telemetry. In a hard-wired circuit such as a telephone-line-based Internet hookup, external noise is picked up from appliances in the vicinity, from electrical transformers, from the atmosphere, and even from outer space. Normally this noise is of little or no consequence. However, during severe thunderstorms, or in locations were many electrical appliances are in use, external noise can affect communications. In an Internet hookup it slows down the data transfer rate, because the system must adjust its speed to match conditions on the line. In a voice telephone conversation, noise rarely sounds like anything other than a faint hissing or rushing. Noise is a more significant problem in wireless systems than in hard-wired systems. In general, noise originating from outside the system is inversely proportional to the frequency, and directly proportional to the wavelength. At a low frequency such as 300 kHz, atmospheric and electrical noise are much more severe than at a high frequency like 300 megahertz. Noise generated inside wireless receivers, known as internal noise, is less dependent on frequency. Engineers are more concerned about internal noise at high frequencies than at low frequencies, because the less external noise there is, the more significant the internal noise becomes. Communications engineers are constantly striving to develop better ways to deal with noise. The traditional method has been to minimize the signal bandwidth to the greatest possible extent. The less spectrum space a signal occupies, the less noise is passed through the receiving circuitry. However, reducing the bandwidth limits the maximum speed of the data that can be delivered. Another, more recently developed scheme for minimizing the effects of noise is called digital signal processing (digital signal processing). Using fiber optics, a technology far less susceptible to noise, is another approach (Techtarget, 2010). Noise Pollution generally refers to unwanted sound produced by human activities unwanted in that it interferes with communication, work, rest, recreation, or sleep. Unlike other forms of pollution, such as air, water, and hazardous materials, noise does not remain long in the environment. However, while its effects are immediate in terms of annoyance, they are cumulative in terms of temporary or permanent hearing loss. Society has attempted to regulate noise since the early days of the Romans, who by decree prohibited the movement of chariots in the streets at night. In the United States, communities since colonial days have enacted ordinances against excessive noise, primarily in response to complaints from residents. It was not until the late 1960s, however, that the federal government officially recognized noise as a pollutant and began to support noise research and regulation. Federal laws against noise pollution included the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, especially sections concerning environmental impact statements; the Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1970; and the Noise Control Act of 1972, which appointed the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to coordinate federal research and activities in noise control. Charged with developing federal noise-emission standards, identifying major sources of noise, and determining appropriate noise levels that would not infringe on public health and welfare, the EPA produced its so-called Levels Document, now the standard reference in the field of environmental noise assessment. In the document, the EPA established an equivalent sound level (Leq) and a day–night equivalent level (Ldn) as measures and descriptors for noise exposure. Soon thereafter, most federal agencies adopted either the Leq, Ldn, or both, including levels compatible with different land uses. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) uses Ldn as the noise descriptor in assessing land-use compatibility with various levels of aircraft noise. In 1978 the research findings of Theodore J. Schultz provided support for Ldn as the descriptor for environmental noise. Analyzing social surveys, Schultz found a correlation between Ldn and people who were highly annoyed by noise in their ne ighborhoods. The Schultz curve, expressing this correlation, became a basis for noise standards. As part of its effort to identify major noise sources in the United States, the EPA set about determining the degree to which noise standards could contribute to noise reduction. During the 1970s, EPA-sponsored research on major noise sources led to regulation of the products that most affected the public, including medium and heavy trucks, portable air compressors, garbage trucks, buses, and motorcycles. Missing from the list was aircraft, which was considered the responsibility of the FAA. During the administration of President Ronald Reagan in the 1980s, the power of the EPA and its Office of Noise Abatement and Control was curtailed and most of its noise regulations rescinded. Even so, efforts continued to curb noise pollution. The Department of Transportation maintains standards for highways, mass transit, and railroads, as well as aircraft. The environmental review process, mandated by the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, remains the single most effective deterrent to noise pollution (Answer, 2010). Noise exposure Noise is one of the most important environment factors, which affects the workers health and efficiency. Noise can increase the overall workload of operators during a specific task and can affect the performance. As the result, noise affects workers health directly and indirectly (Parsons, 2000). Exposure to intense noise has been shown to damage the human hearing process and noise has been labeled as the most pervasive hazardous agent in the workplace (Milz et al., 2008). Among these effects are weariness, backhoe, nervousness, nausea, careless, etc (TÃ ¶r, 1989; Anonymous, 2002; Ekerbicer and Saltik, 2008). According to McBride et. al (2003), it is known that people working in agricultural facilities are exposed to some noise sources, but the risk appeared in the people who have been exposed to noise for many years have not been fully characterized yet. The reduction in the hearing loss does not decrease below 1000Hz (Akyildiz, 2000). It was showed that noise induced hearing loss increase up to 7dB in the first 10 years at 1000 Hz and 100 dB (A), and then gradually increases to 12 dB losses for exposure time of 40 years. The hearing loss is about 30 dB for first ten years exposure at 4000 Hz and 100 dB (A). It is clear that at 100 dB (A), the ear is much more sensitive to 4000 Hz compared to 1000 Hz. Maximum sound pressure level for 8 h/day exposure is accepted to be 85 dB at frequencies higher than 1000 Hz. At levels lower than this value, the risk of noise becomes the least (Grandjean, 1988). Lonsbury and Martin (2004) states that the beginning region of impairment involves the sensitive mid-frequency range, primarily of impairment involves the sensitive mid-frequency range, primarily between 3 and 6 kHz, and the corresponding impairment is classically described as the 4-kHZ notch. This particular pattern of appears regardless of the noise exposure environment. Sumer et al. (2006) explains that, there is a tendency of reducing daily noise exposure to below 90 dBA for an 8-h shift, and hence exposure level of 85 dBA is informally acknowledged to be the informal threshold sound pressure level. Therefore it is crucial to keep sound pressure levels within safety limits to avoid health related disturbances and work related inefficiencies. Sanders and McCormick (1992) explained that the ear is more sensitive to noise at frequencies over 2000 Hz and the sensitivity increase with age. Miyakita and Ueda (1997) wanted to determine the number of persons exposed to loss of hearing at levels above 40 dB at a frequency of 4 Hz; and as a result, estimated that 360,000 people working in agricultural facilities in Japan impaired their hearing abilities. This feature makes the agriculture their second biggest sector after the construction sector, which causes the loss of hearing abilities. Hearing loss from noise exposure Exposure to occupational noise has been linked to variety of physical effects such as work absenteeism and stress. The most profound effect of prolonged exposure to noise is the noise induced hearing loss (NIHL). NIHL is an irreversible sensory-neural hearing impairment caused by prolonged exposure to noise. NIHL causes communication interference that can substantially affect social integration and the quality of life. The development of NIHL depends on exposure time, intensity, frequency, type of noise, and the use of personal protective equipment (Ismail et al, unpublished). Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a well and long recognized occupational hazard but methods of influencing attitudes towards noise hazard and prevention of hearing loss as a result a poor (World Health Organization, 1997). Although the effects of noise on hearing are not precisely defined and uncertainties remain, there is sufficient information to permit development of predictive indices of the hazardous effects of noise on human hearing sensitivity. The effects of noise on hearing may be divided into three categories which are acoustic trauma, noise-induced temporary threshold shift (NITTS) and noise-induced permanent threshold shift (NIPTS). Acoustic Trauma (immediate organic damage to the ear from excessive sound energy) is restricted to the effects of a single exposure or relatively few exposures at high sound levels. Extremely intense sound reaching the structures in the inner ear may exceed the physiologic limits of those structures producing a complete breakdown and disruption of the organ of Corti. Some degree of permanent hearing loss usually results from acoustic trauma. The precipitating episode is frequently dramatic so the person involved has no difficulty in specifying the onset of the resulting hearing problem. Noise-Induced Temporary Threshold Shift (NITTS) results in an elevation of hearing levels such as loss of hearing sensitivity, following shift the hearing loss is reversible. In Noise-induced Permanent Threshold Shift (NIPTS) the hearing loss is nonreversible; it remains throughout the lifetime of the affected person. There is no possibility of further recovery. Permanent threshold shift may result from acoustic trauma or may be produced by the cumulative effect of repeated noise exposure over periods of many years. The majority of those persons experiencing permanent hearing losses from noise sustain such losses from long periods of repeated noise exposure. Hearing ability decreases as age progresses. Age has been identified as one of the individual risk factors for sensory neural hearing loss (SNHL) among forest workers who handled chainsaws. Hearing loss induced among elderly miners in Romania was more pronounced compared to younger miners. The mean hearing threshold level (HTL) for the 40- 46 age group workers produced a decrease in HTL at frequencies 4, 6 and 8 kHz. Age is positively associated to hearing loss among metal processing factory workers in Brazil, with prevalence ratio of 4.02 for workers older than 40 years old (Ismail et. al, unpublished). Animals studies have shown that these chemicals interact synergistically with noise or potentiate its effect on auditory system. Workers exposed to chemicals have significantly poorer pure-tone thresholds compare to those not expose (Morata et al., 2003). Lonsbury and Martin (2004) gave audiogram results that show audiometric patterns of hearing levels from patients in beginning stages of noise induced hearing loss and examples were given for males and females exposed to noise in different environments including industrial noise. Hearing loss was not observed at frequencies below 1000 Hz and was sharpest above 2000 Hz for a male industrial worker. Patients working in different sectors showed that the hearing loss might not be observed below 2000 Hz in different work environments while others might experience hearing loss at about 1000 Hz. The sensitivity is also affected by gender and the number of years worked in a particular environment. Occupational health hazard of noise In Malaysia, noise exposure in the workplace is legislated under the Factories and Machinery Act (Noise Exposure) Regulation 1989, and the Occupational and Safety and Health Act 1994. These regulations make mandatory for noise levels and workers exposure to noise to be measured, assessed and controlled (Leong, 2005). International Labor Organization (ILO) accepts 85 dBA as warning limit and 90 dBA as danger limit for continuous work for 8 h. A-weighted equivalent sound pressure level of 85 dBA results in temporary hearing losses and 90 dBA increases the blood pressure, accelerates the pulse and breathing, decreases brain liquid pressure, causes tension in muscles, and withdrawal of blood in the skin (Sabanci and Uz, 1984). Lonsbury and Martin (2004) gave audiogram results that show audiometric patterns of hearing levels from patients in beginning stages of noise induced hearing loss and examples were given for males and females exposed to noise in different environment including industrial noise. Hearing loss was not observed at frequencies below 1000 Hz and was the sharpest above 2000 Hz for male industrial worker. Patients working in different sectors showed that the hearing loss might not be observed below 2000 Hz in different work environments while others might experience hearing loss at about 1000 Hz. The sensitivity is also affected by gender and the number of years worked in a particular environment. According to Dewangan et al. (2005), the exposure to noise may have both immediate and long-term effects on hearing of the tractor drivers and other farm workers. High noise levels can cause headaches; dizziness; nervousness and stress; sleeping problems; and loss of concentration. Noise can also increase human error, contributing to accidents by masking audible alarms, verbal messages, etc.; harder to process complex information for difficult task; and harder to monitor and interpret unusual events, by narrowing the span of attention. Although this kind of the damage is quite difficult to measure, it is always present and can manifest: in the gastro enteric tract with an increase in acid secretion; in the nervous system with states of fatigue and depressions; in the psyche, with insomnia and headaches (Febo et al., 1983). Jansen (2003) observed that sounds in the range or 70-90 dB cause tiny blood vessels in the toes, fingers, skin and abdominal organs to contract. This narrowing of small blood vessels can reduce blood flow to affected body parts by as much as one-half. Studies have indicated that workers exposed to high levels of industrial noise for 5-30 years have increased blood pressure and statistically significant increases in risk for hypertension, compared to workers in control areas (Passchier and Vermeer, 1993). Sensor neural hearing loss has been common complaint among farmers seen by rural otolaryngologist (Gregg, 1972). Farmers to be among the most hearing impaired workers and most expect to experience significant hearing loss by age 50 (Mahon, 1988). Occupational noise limit In the light of scientific data which shows the negative effects of noise on human health, new legal regulations were made in order to eliminate these effects. One of these regulations is Noise Control Regulation. In this regulation, it is stated that beside the intensity of the noise, the exposure duration in noisy medium can be effective on human health. Therefore it is emphasized that working hours should be determined according to sound pressure level (Aybek et al., 2007). Duration of exposure is also a consideration as well as the frequency content and A-weighting curve is used in practical applications denoted by dB(A) and 85-90 dB(A) have been proposed to be limiting values for 8 hours exposures (Parson, 2000). The effect is more profound to certain frequencies of noise (Parson, 2000). The farmers worked on average 14 hours a day and their exposure was 86 decibels on A-weighted scale (dB (A)) as an 8-hour time-weighted average (8HR TWA). Except for breakfast and lunch breaks, the farmers had nearly continuous noise exposure that exceeded the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) action level of 85 dB (A) (Milz et al., 2008). Legislation, effective since June, 1976, limits the maximum noise level at the driver to 90 dB (A) for all tractors sold in UK (Talamo, 1979). In Malaysia, to protect the workers from excessive exposure to noise, the hearing conservation program was introduced under the Factories and Machinery (Noise Exposure) Regulation 1989. Under this regulations, workers are protected from excessive noise exposure and reducing the risk of NIHL. According to the Factories and Machinery (Noise Exposure) Regulation 1989, for the permissible exposure limit, the employee shall not be exposed to noise level exceeding equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level of 90 dB(A) or exceeding the limits specified in the First Schedule or exceeding daily dose of unity. No employee shall be exposed to noise level exceeding 115 dB (A) at anytime. The 85 dB (A) is adopted as a criterion for action (action level). When the action level is reached or exceeded, it necessitates (NIOSH, 2006). According to the U.S. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, the recommended exposure limit (REL) for occupational noise exposure is 85 dB (A) time weighted average (TWA). Exposures at or above this level are considered as hazardous. They differed from the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) which uses 90 dB (A) TWA. The rationale is to offer greater protection to noise-exposed workers, citing research that indicates an 8% excess risk of hearing loss at the 85 dB (A) TWA limit as opposed to 25% at 90 dB(A). The TWA is the averaging of different exposure levels during an exposure period. The REL for an 8-hr work shift is a TWA of 85 dB (A) using a 3-decibel (dB) exchange rate. The Malaysian Noise Exposure Regulation 1989 adopted a 5 dB exchange rate (OSHA, 2006). In the last 10 years, a considerable number of laws and rules regarding the control of noise in the working environment, also involving the agricultural sector, have come into force. The main purpose of the individual laws and rules were different, but all emphasized the hazard of noise for workers, and consequently the need to control and, if necessary, to reduce the relevant levels. In the European Union, and specifically in Italy, some of them held an important role. For agricultural machinery, the EN 1553 represents a particular reference, while specially for tractors, the EC 74/150 (environmental noise) and EC 77/311 (drivers ear noise) Directives were issued in the 1970s (Domenico and Matteo, 2000). Tractors and machines Agricultural and forestry tractors operate both as vehicles and as engines which provide power on the farm and in the forest. With respect to the noise which they emit, it is generally accepted that use as vehicles has the greater impact on the population at large. Hence the type of the test used to asses noise emission is equivalent to that used for other road vehicles, in which sound pressure level at a bystander position is measured under specified drive-past conditions, as opposed to the measurement of sound power, which is used for lawn-mowers and various items in construction equipment (Stayner, 1988). Parallel to the development in technology, the use of machines in mechanization processes of agricultural production has brought about the factors such as noise, vibration, gas , etc. which affect the working environment of users and inspectors of those machines (Aybek et al., 2007). In order to increase the work success of the machines and to provide the users with safety and comfort these machines must be designed with respect to the human characteristics (Lijedahl et al., 1996). The machines used in agricultural operations such as tractors, combines, shellers, elevators, driers, etc. exposed noise of high level. More hearing loss is encountered among people who work in agricultural facilities than other jobs (Baker, 2002). The mechanization of agriculture; including the use of the internal combustion engine, greatly increased the noise exposure of the US farm population (Matthew, 1968). Equipment manufactured prior to the institution of noise reduction features is often still in use on US farms, as demonstrates by the New York Farm Family Health and hazard Surveillance Program (Beckett et al., 2000). The majority of noise exposure seemed to come from mechanical equipment (Dennis et al., 1995). The mechanization of agriculture, and in particular the large-scale employment of the internal combustion engine, has led to a serious increase during the last few decades of farm workers to noise. For the most damaging environment, noise measurements were made on tractors (Matthews, 1968). Noise isolating enclosure for tractor drivers have the same conflicting performance requirements as hearing defenders in that they are required to exclude harmful noise and yet allow the passage of important information. The tractors drivers and his counterpart in industry may depend on acoustical signals for warnings of danger and for maneuvering instructions when he is working to close limits or when hitching implements to the three point linkage. Other external sounds may be important for example, the tone generated by a component such as a fan may be the most important source of feedback to the driver of machine performance. A change in noise produced also vital where it is associated with the operation of a safety device such as an overload clutch or with the failure of the component. Many tractors in use on farms, however, have a much higher noise level and since tractors have a long life it will be many years before they are phased out (Talamo, 1979). The management of very old tractors is uneconomical. They may be dangerous on the roads, unsafe for the driver and for other vehicles, mainly due to deterioration in performance. Very often the operators are exposed to unfavorable climatic and working conditions (noise, vibrations, etc.), and they are therefore subject to a higher level of stress and to a higher risk of accident or occupational disease. Despite the limit of technical obsolescence of agricultural tractors being commonly fixed at 10 yr (corresponding to an optimum of 1000 working hours per year) a large number of older machines are still in use in Italy. Repair and maintenance operations are frequently neglected on these vehicles, because the farmer does not consider the relevant cost appropriate (Domenico and Matteo, 2000). Hearing protectors In many noise environments it is not practical, economical, or feasible to reduce noise levels at the ear of a listener to within acceptable limits using engineering controls. In these situations, an acceptable noise level may be achieved with the use of personal either single or in combination. The widespread attention given to noise as a pollutant has stimulated the use of hearing protectors in industry as well as around the home and in recreational and in sports activities. This chapter describes the types of ear protectors, characteristics of ear protectors which influence their effectiveness and acceptance, other practical considerations for users of ear protectors, and estimations of the hearing protection which provide. Various types of ear protectors likes earplugs, earmuffs, ear cups on hardhat, ear cups on welding mask, communication headsets and helmets. Although an ear protector can reduce effectively the ambient sound at the ear of the wearer, factors other than hearing protection may actually determine its suitability and acceptability (Nixon, 1979). According to Domenico and Matteo (2000), the function of a hearing protection device (HPD) is to cover or to fill the ears so that the noise reaching the ear drum is attenuated. It is important to emphasize that the HPDs should not be the sole or primary means by which the worker noise exposures are reduced. HPDs should be used only when engineering controls and work practices are not feasible for reducing noise exposures. This seems to be the typical situation for very old and worn tractors. Nevertheless, the degree of attenuation that a HPD provides is dependent on the technical characteristics of the HPD and generally on a range of other factors, such as the wearing time, the motivation and training of the worker. The use of HPDs has been practiced since the 1950s; the first standards to measure their attenuation were issued about 40 years ago. All of them are finalized to obtain an index, in order to define the attenuation of the HPD: noise reduction rating (NRR) and single numbe r rating (SNR) are those more frequently considered. Wearing time is also an important parameter since it can decrease the effective protection provided by a HPD. For example, if a HPD with an NRR of 20 dB is not worn for as little as 30 min in an 8 h work shift, its effective NRR is reduced by 5 dB (Berger, 1980). It is in fact taken into account that wearers may be prone to remove and replace some HPDs more than others, depending on various factors such as comfort, ease of donning and removal, and the interference of the protector with the auditory communications. Many types of H

Mean World Syndrome Essay

â€Å"Mean World Syndrome† In the film, â€Å"The Mean World Syndrome†, George Gerbner argues that people who watch a large amount of television tended to think of the world as an intimidating and unforgiving place. Gerbner researched the effects of television on society. He focused on the commercial media system that thrived on violence, stereotypes, and the cultivation of anxiety. The film argues that the more television people watch, the more likely they are to be insecure and afraid of others. Is it the media that makes us more violent or do we become more scared of violence happening to us? Mass media made viewers believe that the world was more dangerous than it actually was. The film showed how these media-induced fears and anxieties provided grounds for intolerance, extremism, and a paranoid style of politics that threatened basic democratic values. He talked about the government’s power over the mass media that leaves Americans in a state of perpetual fear. The result was a fascinating and exposed introduction to debates about media violence and media effects. Yet across the board, on issue after issue, studies have repeatedly shown that the very things that scare Americans the most have little to no basis in fact. Media violence inundated every home with choreographed brutality. It was and still is a relentless exposure to violence. All of the information that he provided was astonishing and really opened my eyes. A few statistics that he talked about where that children see on average 8,000 murders by the end of elementary school and 200,000 acts of violence by age 18. This is absolutely ridiculous. It makes me think twice about letting my children someday television. There is even â€Å"happy violence,’’ meaning that most fairytales, artistic shows, or journalistic features lead to a happy ending. It’s simply sugar coated with humor or â€Å"happy violence.† Now really thinking about it, it is so true. We don’t even realize it but mass media messages have a direct influence on the audience. As I am writing this paper I have the news on and 80% of the news seems to be negative. It is all about killings, stabbings, robberies, fires, or some sort of crime in the area. In the film they stated that 61% of all stories on the news are crime, violence, deaths or fires. This Mean World causes us  to magnify our fears. In a violent and threatening world we are readier to fear ‘others’. We mistrust more, and retract into our groups in pursuit of the protection. A Mean World is a more divided world, less able to achieve compromise and progress. A Mean World makes us more prone to the ill effects of chronic stress. And as Gerbner put it â€Å"†¦a society in which most people or many people already expect a higher degree of victimization, sooner or later they are going to get it.† Media doe project violence every day into our homes and lives. A world that feels more violent and threatening than it is makes us all more worried than we need to be. For me this film has opened my eyes about what I read and what I watch on the television. I think Gerbner did a great job of bringing awareness to this issue. Now with all the mass killings that have gone one, we really have to look at what our young children are watching and listening to these days. If the mass media is pumping this violence into our homes and lives then maybe it really does have a long term affect on our culture. â€Å"[Viewers] integrate and absorb a sense of danger, of mistrust, of meanness in the world – it is what we call the Mean World Syndrome.† – George Gerbner

The Basics of Personal Experience Essay Topics

The Basics of Personal Experience Essay Topics The Hidden Gem of Personal Experience Essay Topics Whether you're a novice writer or an experienced one, you always will need to begin with a structured strategy. The event does not need to be dramatic, but you ought to present how that event changed your perspective on specific things. Generally speaking, you should attempt to keep the focus on a single memory you've got with that individual, but you can absolutely expand the focus to even two or three big events that are associated with the exact individual. The author must be able to check at their very own character or personality through somebody else's eyes. They are high-quality samples, and you might print them at no cost. You always have to include such info in the introduction. You may also attempt mind mapping to decide on the topic you need to talk about. You should hence avoid any topic that could challenge your mind and make the correct selection. With a profound sample, you'll be more conscious of what topic is more inclined to connect with your readers and what is going to miss the target. Do not straight away discuss the topic. You may use internet resources to receive all of the essential information and guidelines. An assignment is certainly not the suitable place to offer personal experience on illegal substance usage. Give examples of certain projects in which you've been involved over time. In many instances, there's a particular scene, object or repetitive event on which you wish to focus. Each essay should consist of one-time episodes. Unlike any other sort of essays, personal essays are somewhat more flexible and versatile. A personal essay provides the reader a glimpse of your private life experience. A personal essay provides you with the prerogative to express in yourself in a way which you are comfortable. The function of the essays is to express your individual capabilities, character traits, ideas and ideas, which will force you to look different from several other applicants and present you as a creative, committed and intelligent individual. A very good instance of the way in which a talented writer can earn a normal topic appealing'' was the overall consensus. When composing various essay examples, you will discover plenty of ideas that you might have rarely thought about before. If you're uncertain what things to write about, an excellent way to discover new tips for your own personal essays is to read superior examples of private experience stories you can discover on the internet. Whatever They Told You About Personal Experience Essay Topics Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why Racism still must be handled and there'll remain corrupt officials. Our writers work twenty-four hours each day, so that you may communicate with them any moment. It is crucial to be aware that, Boston University is also the major university in regards to the quantity of international students it admits each year. Advertising is a kind of mass communication. Essay on brain drain ought to be stopped. To make your own personal experience essay exciting you should begin with choosing the appropriate experience to found your essay upon. Indeed, essay topics can fluctuate. Write your individual experience essay introduction. Your own personal experience essay will have unique details about you. Your life story can likewise be regarded as a wonderful topic in writing your private essay. Share what you consider the topic. It isn't always easy to select a great topic and story for this kind of essay.